If the non-compliant behavior is due to escape, the student should be required to follow through with the task. However, if the student continues to not respond, this may be a motivational issue so try to find a more powerful reinforcer or alternate preferred and non-preferred tasks. If the behavior is attention seeking, maladaptive …After confirming an escape function via a functional analysis (Iwata, et al., 1994), research has shown that function-based interventions, those that match the function, are most effective at reducing problem behavior (Ingram, et al. 2005). The following are evidence-based antecedent and consequence strategies that can be used to increase ... ABA and Evidence-Based Strategies •Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Therapy is a widely excepted and clinically proven treatment for developmental disabilities, including Autism. •ABA therapy involves focusing on principles and teaching strategies to teach an individual new skills. •ABA uses only teaching strategies that have been clinicallyThe pairing process that is required for the stimuli to exhibit discriminative control does require use of consequence base procedures, however once the stimuli have discriminative control the presentation of the stimulus as either a sole component or part of a larger treatment package is considered an antecedent intervention. “NCR involves the use of a time-based schedule to deliver stimuli that compete with the automatic reinforcer produced by problem behavior (e.g., Hagopian & Toole, 2009), whereas blocking ...Here are the five ABA teaching strategies that will be covered. Discrete Trial Teaching. Naturalistic Teaching. Pivotal Response Therapy. Token Economy. Contingent Observation. 1. Discrete Trial Teaching. Some of the educational concepts students have to absorb are complex.National Professional Development Center on Autism Spectrum Disorders. Antecedent-based interventions (ABI) is an evidence-based practice used to address both interfering and on-task behaviors. This practice is most often used after a functional behavior assessment (FBA) has been conducted to identify the function of the interfering behavior.Included in function-based intervention, parents should learn about the four functions of behavior: Escape. Attention. Access. Automatic. After teaching parents about the functions of behaviors, help them to learn how to identify function-based strategies they can use to help their child reduce maladaptive behaviors and increase adaptive behaviors.Thus, an ethical responsibility exists for the professional to make an informed decision based on all available assessment and background information, and a review of empirically-based intervention strategies. Based on over a half century of research conducted since ABA was initiated, many empirically-based interventions have been developed and ... Performing newly acquired skills over time (i.e., maintenance) and across settings and stimuli (i.e., generalization) is central to what students need to accomp...Here are the five ABA teaching strategies that will be covered. Discrete Trial Teaching. Naturalistic Teaching. Pivotal Response Therapy. Token Economy. Contingent Observation. 1. Discrete Trial Teaching. Some of the educational concepts students have to absorb are complex.BDataPro is a Microsoft Windows®-based program that allows for real-time data collection of multiple frequency- and duration-based behaviors, summary of behavioral data (in terms of average ...Apr 27, 2016 · ABA Consequence strategies- help manage behaviors. Description: Differential reinforcement will be used to increase desired behaviors and decrease undesired behaviors. It consists of two basic operations: reinforcing a target behavior (replacement/desired behavior) and stopping the delivery of reinforcement contingent on a challenging behavior ... Consequence Insert what happens in the environment immediately after the behavior. This will likely be something preferred, from the student’s perspective. A reinforcing consequence could be: sent out of the classroom, peer gives up swing on the playground, or teacher provides support and redirection. 5.the focus of this study is on consequence-based interventions only. Four Main Reinforcers for Behavior. In traditional operant conditioning (which underlies the logic of ABA interventions), consequences can be considered either punishing or reinforcing. A consequence is considered punishment when the behavior that evokes it decreases inConsequence interventions are used to minimize reinforcement for problem behavior and increase reinforcement for desirable behavior. They also include redirecting the student towards alternative responses, and providing crisis prevention strategies to ensure the safety of the student and others. Before functional behavioral assessment ...Search Procedures. To locate recent school-based FBA/BIP studies that included maintenance and/or generalization data, we searched the titles, keywords, abstracts, and full texts of articles in the electronic databases of Education Resource Information Center (ERIC), PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLES using the phrases functional …Email campaigns are a powerful marketing tool that can help you reach a wide audience and increase your customer base. With the right strategy, you can maximize your reach and ensure that your message is seen by the right people. Here are s...evaluate research findings of antecedent-based strategies and evidence-based practices used to assist in decreasing escape maintained behaviors in children with ASD. This study is to suggest educational implications for interventionists and parents. Keywords: autism, escape, escape maintained behaviors, decreaseABA is an evidence-based therapy intended to improve the lives of people with autism and other disabilities. Using the ABC model as part of its practice, ABA therapy is proven to improve social functioning, daily living skills, language …Intervention strategies were categorized as antecedent manipulations, teaching behavior, consequence-based procedures, and/or extinction procedures. Positive outcomes were reported for 78% of participants in the reviewed studies and 88% of the participants were diagnosed with autism. Results suggest the effectiveness of behavioral interventions ...The following are examples of motivating operations. 1. An Abolishing Motivator. On weekend mornings, the parents of an autistic son are having breakfast. Part of their son's meal is orange juice, his favorite …Antecedent strategies are ABA based interventions that work on modifying the environment so that the behavior or activity that occurs that is less desirable will occur less. “Parent training interventions for children with a diagnosis of or suspected ASD may be classified based on their theoretical paradigms or their targeted goals ... A reactive strategy in ABA therapy acts as a direct response to challenging behaviors. The goal is to use reactive strategies to bring about behavioral changes while also decreasing the chances of those actions occurring in the future. These strategies revolve around the concept of removing or minimizing reinforcement to teach your child that ...Jan 1, 2015 · Therefore, many of the documented interventions using antecedent strategies also include consequence-based strategies. Task clarification is a method that simply specifies the desirable behavior to the performer. It is often used with consequence-based strategies to improve behaviors (Anderson et al., 1988, Austin et al., 2005, Pampino et al ... The Encyclopedia consists of 5 volumes and approximately 1,500 entries divided by the major conceptual areas of ASD and PDDs, including: Taking advantage of the techniques offered by the electronic medium, the Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders offers an extensive cross-referencing system facilitating search and retrieval of information. 05-Aug-2015 ... Interventions utilize research-based behavioral teaching strategies ... Read your scenario and label the Antecedent, Behavior and. Consequence.ABI strategies often are used in conjunction with other evidence-based practices such as functional communi-cation training, extinction, and reinforcement. Qualifying Evidence. ABI meets evidence-based criteria with 32 single case design studies. Ages. According to the evidence-based studies, this intervention has been effective for toddlers (0-2The pairing process that is required for the stimuli to exhibit discriminative control does require use of consequence base procedures, however once the stimuli have discriminative control the presentation of the stimulus as …For many startups and SMBs, successfully setting up account-based marketing strategies can feel like a pipe dream. Startups still struggling to find product-market fit wouldn’t dream of being able to identify and map out their ideal custome...Let's look at some strategies and examples of consequence intervention. Lesson Quiz Course 3.7K views. Strategies. Once you have identified a problem behavior, you will need to uncover the reason ...Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a scientific approach to understanding behavior. ABA refers to a set of principles that focus on how behaviors change, or are affected by the environment, as well as how learning takes place. The term behavior refers to skills and actions needed to talk, play, and live.ABA Strategies • Discrete Trial Training • Shaping • Prompting • Errorless Teaching • Task Analyses • Token Economies • Functional Communication Training • It is structured, evidence-based, data driven and widely applicable across settings and environments. October 2017The Encyclopedia consists of 5 volumes and approximately 1,500 entries divided by the major conceptual areas of ASD and PDDs, including: Taking advantage of the techniques offered by the electronic medium, the Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders offers an extensive cross-referencing system facilitating search and retrieval of information. Noted interventions or strategies to decrease the behavior include reinforcement of alternative behaviors or reinforcement of incompatible behaviors which means reinforcing a behavior that is an alternative for the problem behavior or one that ‘interferes’ with the self – injurious behavior. For example, providing a favorite food before ... The clinical implication of using exercise as an antecedent-based procedure is that a therapist or care provider may be able to decrease the future occurrence of problem behavior by simply manipulating antecedent events (e.g., by presenting exercise materials and prompting engagement with those materials).Aug 17, 2020 · For those of you who took Introduction to Psychology at some point in your past, ABA therapy is based on the work of psychologist B.F. Skinner. Skinner developed a theory of operant conditioning. Skinner’s theory looks at how one can control behavior by altering the consequences of that behavior. We’ll start by defining the behavior and collecting some baseline data. Then we’ll get a functional behavior assessment done. That could look different depending on what the behavior is and what the environment is. So we’ll be asking the right questions and making theories of why this behavior is happening.We’ll start by defining the behavior and collecting some baseline data. Then we’ll get a functional behavior assessment done. That could look different depending on what the behavior is and what the environment is. So we’ll be asking the right questions and making theories of why this behavior is happening.Creating an applied behavioral analysis (ABA) behavior intervention plan (BIP) is a lengthy process requiring targeted data collection and analysis. The ABA BIP uses intervention strategies to replace a problem behavior with an appropriate alternative that satisfies the same motivation or function. Writing a BIP is a two-step process.This major reference work breaks new ground as an electronic resource for students, educators, researchers, and professionals. Comprehensive in breath and textbook in depth, the Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders serves as a reference repository of knowledge in the field as well as a regularly updated conduit of new knowledge long before such information trickles down from research to ...In today’s digital age, social media has become an integral part of any successful marketing strategy. Instagram, with its visual appeal and massive user base, is a platform that cannot be ignored.This means you should turn your back towards the student when non-compliance occurs and wait until a more appropriate behavior is emitted before diverting your attention back towards the student. If the behavior is due to trying to get an object, the object should not be given to the student. Keep the object out of sight until the student …What is positive behaviour support (PBS) Whereas positive behaviour support (PBS) uses a system-based approach, which aims to decrease behaviour at an individual and community level. PBS emerged around 20 years after the ABA model from three major sources – ABA, the inclusion movement and person-centred values.PBS Process. Positive behavior support may best be described as an individualized, problem-solving process grounded in ABA principles. The process includes (1) identification of broad goals and behaviors of concern, (2) gathering and analyzing of information to identify probable patterns affecting behavior, (3) selecting and delineating strategies based on the patterns and integrating them ...Behavior modification is a psychotherapeutic intervention primarily used to eliminate or reduce maladaptive behavior in children or adults. While some therapies focus on changing thought processes that can affect behavior, for example, cognitive behavioral therapy, behavior modification focuses on changing specific behaviors with little …July 18, 2023. Antecedent based interventions (ABI) stem from Applied behavior analysis (ABA). They are designed to help autistic individuals with problem behaviors and those behaviors necessary to stay focused on tasks. Teachers, practitioners, and parents can use the evidence based practices within ABI strategies to help figure out why the ...Apr 12, 2014 · Reinforcement-based interventions are used when a problem behavior is maintained by social consequences (ie, attention, tangible, or escape-maintained behaviors). 76 Reinforcement strategies are considered to be the least intrusive form of behavioral intervention for SIB because they do not entail the use of a punishment procedure. 77 There are ... Three females with developmental disabilities, all of whom engaged in severe self-injurious behavior, participated. During a pretreatment functional analysis, each subject's self-injury was shown to be differentially sensitive to social attention as a maintaining consequence. Next, each subject was exposed to a DRO treatment and an NCR treatment.Strategies used to decrease or terminate students’ demonstration of a challenging behavior, including time-out or loss of privileges. 4. Consequences: Events that occur after the demonstration of any behavior. Consequences can be positive or negative. 5. Consequence Clause: A clause that identifies specific consequences that will be Answer: modify existing plan based on assessment data As an RBT you may come across many variations of Behavior Reduction Plans or Behavior Intervention Plans (BIPs). However, all good plans should include: Intro/ Background info, descriptions of behaviors, hypothesized functions, functionally equivalent replacement behaviors, skill …Noted interventions or strategies to decrease the behavior include reinforcement of alternative behaviors or reinforcement of incompatible behaviors which means reinforcing a behavior that is an alternative for the problem behavior or one that ‘interferes’ with the self – injurious behavior. For example, providing a favorite food before ...Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is founded on over 500 studies supporting the ... based on the evidence based strategies through the science of ABA. Download ...Step 1: Identifying an appropriate intervention. Once we know the reason for elopement, we will teach the student a more appropriate alternative response for accessing the functional reinforcer, and we will be able to better prevent future instances of elopement from producing reinforcement (i.e., extinction).Reinforcement and other consequence interventions are a cornerstone of ABA (see Understanding Consequence Interventions: Punishment vs Reinforcement ). Here we dive a little deeper into using the first part of the 3 term contingency – Antecedent interventions. Begin by collecting ABC data to help you identify some frequent antecedents. Consequence Strategies. Consequent strategies are techniques that can be used after the behavior occurs to decrease the reinforcement and provide the student with alternative behavior. Natural Reinforcement for Children with Autism. All parents want to find the best way to help their children behave, learn, and grow. This can be a bit more of a challenge for parents of children with autism. When it comes to teaching new behaviors, many behavior analysts encourage the use of something called “natural reinforcement” …Apr 29, 2014 · Abstract. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a model of professional decision-making in which practitioners integrate the best available evidence with client values/context and clinical expertise in order to provide services for their clients. This framework provides behavior analysts with a structure for pervasive use of the best available ... Antecedent-based Interventions: To understand Antecedent Based Interventions (ADI), it is helpful to understand how ABA Theory looks at learning. ABA Theory looks at learning as a three-stage process (Antecedent Behavior Consequence). According to this ABC process, an antecedent (A) occurs that triggers a behavior (B).whose mission is to promote and advance the science-based practice of applied behavior analysis (ABA), and is intended to serve as a resource for those with an interest in that practice. Electronic and/or hard copies may be made for personal, educational, or policymaking purposes, but not for commercial use.Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 38(2), 247-250. Moore, J., Fisher, W., & Pennington, A. (2004). Systematic application and removal of protective equipment in the assessment of multiple topographies of self-injury. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 37(1), 73-77.10-Mar-2023 ... ... Behavior Analysis Therapy – Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence. To ... Based on this analysis, the behavior analyst can develop a strategy ...Usage-based pricing is an essential component of any PLG strategy. In fact, it’s my belief that you cannot have true PLG without UBP. I spent several years as a general manager at Amazon Web Services and my teams launched two Tier 1 service...National Professional Development Center on Autism Spectrum Disorders. Antecedent-based interventions (ABI) is an evidence-based practice used to address both interfering and on-task behaviors. This practice is most often used after a functional behavior assessment (FBA) has been conducted to identify the function of the interfering behavior.Some of the consequence-based intervention strategies that have been used to treat stereotypies (e.g., repetitive vocalizations) and/or SIB in ASD and other developmental disabilities, include physically or verbally (e.g., saying, “no”) blocking the individual from engaging in the behavior (i.e., response interruption and redirection ...1. antecedent interventions. 2. replacement behaviors. 3. consequence interventions. extinction. the discontinuation of reinforcement of a behavior that has been reinforced in the past. extinction bursts. the sudden increase of behavior after extinction is implemented. spontaneous recovery.ABA and Evidence-Based Strategies •Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Therapy is a widely excepted and clinically proven treatment for developmental disabilities, including Autism. •ABA therapy involves focusing on principles and teaching strategies to teach an individual new skills. •ABA uses only teaching strategies that have been clinically It could be overwhelming sometimes, we presented applied behavior analysis and other treatment options that are listed by the CDC. Then, we discussed one of the strategies called planned ignoring. even though it could be an effective intervention, it has to be combined with a reinforcement-based intervention. We also discussed situations in ...Antecedent-based interventions (ABI) comprise an evidence-based practice derived from applied behavior analysis (ABA) and are used to address both interfering (e.g., disruptive, repetitive, stereotypical) and on-task behaviors. By definition, the principle of ABI describes a relationship between a behavior and an antecedent stimulus; that is ...a consequence-based procedure such as differential reinforcement or extinction might further reduce problem behavior. We refer the reader to the Kern et al. (1998) literature review for additional information ... & Hindman, 2001), certain prompting strategies (Munk & One of the most common reinforcement functions of problem behavior is escape ...Strategies used to decrease or terminate students’ demonstration of a challenging behavior, including time-out or loss of privileges. 4. Consequences: Events that occur after the demonstration of any behavior. Consequences can be positive or negative. 5. Consequence Clause: A clause that identifies specific consequences that will beFor now, it looks like Ola can have its cake and eat it too. Uber Eat’s abrupt disappearance from India’s food-delivery scene yesterday (Jan. 21) has put all eyes on its rival, Ola. With US cab aggregator Uber selling Uber Eats to Gurugram-...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Three females with developmental disabilities, all of whom engaged in severe self-injurious behavior, participated. During a pretreatment functional analysis, each subject's self-injury was shown to be differentially sensitive to social attention as a maintaining consequence. Next, each subject was exposed to a DRO treatment and an NCR treatment.IndiaMART is one of the largest online marketplaces, connecting millions of buyers and suppliers from all over India. With its vast user base and extensive product listings, it presents a great opportunity for businesses to generate qualifi...type of peer-mediated support strategy used, and the setting in which it will be implemented. Variation Based on Context: Different strategies may be used depending on the nature of the student’s educational goals, whether academic or social. Classroom-wide tutoring may be an appropriate strategy for students who struggleConsequences are simply the events (e.g., natural or contrived) that follow any behaviors, positive or negative. The consequences can strengthen behaviors …ABA is defined as the process of systematically applying interventions based upon the principles of behavior theory to improve socially significant behaviors, including reading, academics, social skills, communication, and adaptive living skills, to a meaningful degree, and to demonstrate that the interventions employed are responsible for the ...Sharing is caring! Contingency maps are a cognitive-behavioral method for helping an individual to understand the consequences of behavioral choices. They are particularly useful for teaching individuals to use functionally equivalent behaviors as alternatives to problem behavior. They also are sometimes referred to as consequence maps and they ...a consequence-based procedure such as differential reinforcement or extinction might further reduce problem behavior. We refer the reader to the Kern et al. (1998) literature review for additional information on implementing activity-choice interventions. Curricular and Instructional Revision Applied Behavior Analysis. At its core, ABA is the practice of utilizing the psychological principles of learning theory to enact change on the behaviors seen commonly in individuals diagnosed with ASD (Lovaas et al., 1974).Ole Ivar Lovaas produced a method based on the principles of B. F. Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning in the 1970s to …The function (or purpose) of the student’s behavior should guide the selection of strategies to reinforce appropriate behaviors and minimize payoff for problem behaviors. Reinforcing Appropriate Behavior. There are four critical features for identifying effective reinforcers. The first two are broad strategies to reinforce the alternative ...However, when negative and positive punishment are put against each other, positive punishment does have a higher track record for being more effective in improving behavior. Most ABA therapists will go with positive punishment strategies before trying negative ones, but it doesn't mean that positive punishment will always be the best.We’ve pulled together 3 programs and strategies from recent research that are designed to support students with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) to succeed in our education system. 1. Metacognitive Strategies. Research released in March of 2019 finds that “co-creation” of metacognitive strategies can be an effective approach to ...Corrective Strategies. Responding to the alternative or desired behaviors (REINFORCEMENT TIPS): When the student uses the desired alternative behavior OR more desired behaviors, Reinforcement should be provided. 1. The reinforcer must be valued by the student. –The function of behavior is a good place to start when identifying valued reinforcers. What Are ABA Interventions for Tantrums? The unrelenting screaming, head-banging, defiance, and tears. We all know about this–or some version of this.However, when negative and positive punishment are put against each other, positive punishment does have a higher track record for being more effective in improving behavior. Most ABA therapists will go with positive punishment strategies before trying negative ones, but it doesn't mean that positive punishment will always be the best.Maegen Pierce is the Founder and Executive. Director of Breakthrough Behavior, a Florida-based. ABA agency. With more than ten years experience.ABA has been researched and practiced for well over 50 . years (Baer, ... ing is an effective consequence-based strategy used to . maintain safety for T ony by blocking him from hurting him-Apr 13, 2021 · Regardless of how autism presents in our bodies, all of us like to know the plans rather than to have continual surprises randomly occurring. 3. Stop Talking. As autistics get overloaded in sensory, social, or emotional aspects of situations, the ability to process and comprehend verbal input decreases.
Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 38(2), 247-250. Moore, J., Fisher, W., & Pennington, A. (2004). Systematic application and removal of protective equipment in the assessment of multiple topographies of self-injury. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 37(1), 73-77. . Sunflower showdown 2023
ABA is an evidence-based therapy intended to improve the lives of people with autism and other disabilities. Using the ABC model as part of its practice, ABA therapy is proven to improve social functioning, daily living skills, language …type of peer-mediated support strategy used, and the setting in which it will be implemented. Variation Based on Context: Different strategies may be used depending on the nature of the student’s educational goals, whether academic or social. Classroom-wide tutoring may be an appropriate strategy for students who struggleAntecedent-based interventions (ABIs) are strategies that involve modifying the environment to reduce undesirable behaviors among learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disorders. Antecedent-based interventions are built on the concept that because behaviors are often influenced by the environment, modifying the environment in which the undesirable behavior occurs ...Evidence-Based Interventions Example 1: Check In Check Out1 Check In Check Out (CICO) is commonly used because of the research base supporting the positive impact for students. It is an excellent intervention when the function of behavior is attention based. It is also a quick and easy intervention that requires minimal amounts of timeThus, an ethical responsibility exists for the professional to make an informed decision based on all available assessment and background information, and a review of empirically-based intervention strategies. Based on over a half century of research conducted since ABA was initiated, many empirically-based interventions have been developed and ... Abstract. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a model of professional decision-making in which practitioners integrate the best available evidence with client …Jan 6, 2021 · Function. Possible Antecedent Interventions. Escape. Allow choices between work tasks. Provide more frequent breaks. Incorporate the person’s interests into the work tasks. Use behavior momentum (i.e., have the person complete several easy tasks before asking them to do a more difficult one) Provide different methods of completing assigned tasks. the focus of this study is on consequence-based interventions only. Four Main Reinforcers for Behavior. In traditional operant conditioning (which underlies the logic of ABA interventions), consequences can be considered either punishing or reinforcing. A consequence is considered punishment when the behavior that evokes it decreases inIf escape from a difficult task seems to be a consistent theme in the consequence section, then it may be important to either change the task or to teach the ...31-May-2018 ... Rather than responding to problem behavior after the behavior occurs (i.e., consequence-based interventions), teachers can use preventative ...The best Bitcoin ETFs of 2023, including ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF (Best U.S.-based Bitcoin ETF) and VanEck Digital Transformation ETF (Best expense ratio). By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from Money...Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is a type of therapy that aims to improve particular behaviors, such as communication, social skills, and learning by using reinforcement strategies. ABA is considered the most effective approach to understanding how learning occurs and how behavior is impacted by one’s environment.Noted interventions or strategies to decrease the behavior include reinforcement of alternative behaviors or reinforcement of incompatible behaviors which means reinforcing a behavior that is an alternative for the problem behavior or one that ‘interferes’ with the self – injurious behavior. For example, providing a favorite food before ...Antecedent Based Interventions Specific to Crisis Management. -Preventing Throwing Objects. -Pull hair back and restrict access. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Crisis Management Strategies, Antecedent Based Interventions Specific to Crisis Management, Preventing Hair Pulling and more.Corrective Strategies. Responding to the alternative or desired behaviors (REINFORCEMENT TIPS): When the student uses the desired alternative behavior OR more desired behaviors, Reinforcement should be provided. 1. The reinforcer must be valued by the student. –The function of behavior is a good place to start when identifying valued reinforcers.The interventions outlined in this article are focused on stereotypy maintained by sensory input. We would like to emphasize that no single strategy is effective for all children or behaviors, and that a combination of antecedent, replacement behaviors, and consequence strategies should be included in a child’s behavior plan (see Figure 4).May 1, 2021 · Measurement/data collection strategies Use of function-based interventions (formulated from a Functional Behavior Assessment) Baseline levels of behaviors identified Direct assessments with graphs when applicable Antecedent strategies Consequence strategies Crisis plan Corrective Strategies. Responding to the alternative or desired behaviors (REINFORCEMENT TIPS): When the student uses the desired alternative behavior OR more desired behaviors, Reinforcement should be provided. 1. The reinforcer must be valued by the student. –The function of behavior is a good place to start when identifying valued reinforcers..
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